✍ ν˜„μž¬μ™€ 미래 Present & Future time [λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ 배운 생생 문법 ]

2020. 5. 9. 08:00γ†μ˜μ–΄ 🧑 English/문법 Grammar

 

 

 

 

 

 

λ“€μ–΄κ°€κΈ° 전에 ¨

 

1. Where do you like to travel?

2. Look at the picture. When you travel, do you ever bargain to get a better price?

3. Is it fair to try to get a lower price for an item, or is it better to pay the price the seller wants? 

 

 

 

좜처: ꡬ글

 

 

 

 

Advanced grammar Chapter 1 

 

 

Present and Future time

 

ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œμ œ: μΌλ°˜μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ μ§€κΈˆμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Present time : In general or Now

 

λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬ Simple present : 일반적인 일, κ·œμΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ 항상 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 일, μ‹œκ°„ν‘œ, 일반적 사싀, 과학적 진리 λ“±

Tourists often spend a lot of money.

 

 

ν˜„μž¬ μ§„ν–‰ν˜• Present progress : ν˜„μž¬ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨μ–‘을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ™μ‚¬μ˜ λ™μž‘μ΄ 움직이고 μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ§ν•˜μ£ . 

A tourist is looking for a souvenir. 

 

차이점: 

λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬λŠ” 항상 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 일이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ꡳ이 μ§„ν–‰μœΌλ‘œ 쓰지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

ν˜„μž¬ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€ ν˜„μž¬ 진행이 되고 μžˆλŠ” 일이고, κ·Έ λ™μž‘μ΄ λλ‚˜λ©΄ 더이상 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ£ . 

λ”°λΌμ„œ λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬λ³΄λ‹€ ν˜„μž¬μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ΄ 더 짧게 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

 

 

 

ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œμ‹œμ œ : κ³Όκ±°μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 일

Present perfect time :  From a time in the past until now 

 

ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ Present perfect - 과거의 μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ— μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일이 μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ κΉŒμ§€ 계속 λ˜μ–΄μ™”μŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ™μž‘μ΄ 끝났을 μˆ˜λ„ 있고 계속 되고 μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ κ·Έ 행동이 영ν–₯을 미침을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

μ™„λ£Œ(just, yet, already), κ²½ν—˜(ever, never, once, twice, ~times), 계속(since/for), κ²°κ³Ό

 

κ²½ν—˜

We have visited 11 countries so far. 

λ‚˜ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 11κ°œκ΅­μ— λ°©λ¬Έν•΄ λ΄€μ–΄. 

I've been in America three times. 

λ‚˜λŠ” 미ꡭ에 3번 κ°€ λ΄€λ‹€. 

 

κ²°κ³Ό

I have lost my iphone.

λ‚˜ 아이폰 μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ Έμ–΄. (μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ—†μŒ)

 

μ™„λ£Œ

I've just finished my science homework. 

방금 κ³Όν•™μˆ™μ œ λλƒˆμ–΄. 

 

계속

I've taught English for 5 years. 

λ‚˜λŠ” 5λ…„λ™μ•ˆ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μ³€λ‹€. (κ°€λ₯΄μ³ μ™”λ‹€)

 

 

ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ 진행 - κ³Όκ±°μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 계속 되고 μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ§ν•˜λ©°, ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œμ˜ κ³„μ†μ μš©λ²•κ³Ό 같은 의미둜 λ°”κΏ”μ“Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

μ£Όμ–΄ + have/has + been + 동사-ing 

We've been traveling for three weeks. 

μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 3μ£Όλ™μ•ˆ μ—¬ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 

 

ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ 진행을 μ“Έ 수 μ—†λŠ” 동사듀이 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆ μ£Όμ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

These "stative" verbs are about state, not action, and they cannot express the continuous or progressive aspect. 

  • feeling: hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish
  • senses: appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, taste
  • communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean, promise, satisfy, surprise
  • thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize, recognize, remember, understand
  • other states: be, belong, concern, depend, involve, matter, need, owe, own, possess

 

 

 

λ―Έλž˜μ‹œμ œ : λ―Έλž˜μ— μžˆλŠ” μ‹œκ°„, 아직 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ―Έλž˜μ— 일어날 일. 

Future time : A time in the future

 

λ‹¨μˆœ 미래

Simple future

μ£Όμ–΄ + will / be going to + λ™μ‚¬μ›ν˜• 

 

Will - μ§€κΈˆ κ²°μ •ν•œ 사항, λ§‰μ—°ν•˜κ²Œ λ―Έλž˜μ— 일어날 일

Be going to - 쑰금 더 κ³„νšμ μΈ 일

 

You'll (You will) like the hotel. 

λ„ˆλŠ” κ·Έ ν˜Έν…”μ„ μ’‹μ•„ν• κ±°μ•Ό. 

I'm going to go to a movie at 5. 

λ‚˜ 5μ‹œμ— μ˜ν™”λ³΄λŸ¬ κ°ˆκ±°μ•Ό. 

 

 

 

미래 진행 - λ―Έλž˜μ— μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμ„ 일을 μ˜ˆμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Future progressive

μ£Όμ–΄ + Will be + λ™μ‚¬μ›ν˜•-ing

 

A week from now, you'll be relaxing in the sun. 

일주일 뒀에, λ„ˆλŠ” 햇빛을 쬐며 쉬고 μžˆμ„κ±°μ•Ό. 

 

 

 

λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬ - κ°€κΉŒμš΄ λ―Έλž˜μ— 일어날 일을 λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬λ‘œλ„ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 λ•ŒλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ˜ ν‘œμ§€λ₯Ό 써 μ€˜μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Simple Present 

μ£Όμ–΄ + 동사 ν˜„μž¬ν˜• 

 

The tour starts tomorrow at 4:00 p.m.

κ·Έ 여행은 내일 μ˜€ν›„ 4μ‹œμ— μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

 

 

ν˜„μž¬ 진행 - ν˜„μž¬ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 일 말고도, κ°€κΉŒμš΄ λ―Έλž˜μ— 일어날 일을 μ–˜κΈ°ν•  λ•Œλ„ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Present Progressive

μ£Όμ–΄ + be 동사 + λ™μ‚¬μ›ν˜•-ing

 

We're visiting our friends later this summer.

이번 여름 말에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 

going μ΄λž‘ 같이 쓰이면 μ§€κΈˆ κ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€, 갈 것인지 ν—·κ°ˆλ¦΄ λ•Œκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”. 

be going to λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”. 

 

ν˜„μž¬μ§„ν–‰μ—μ„œ toλŠ” 'μ–΄λ””λ‘œ' κ°€λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬ μ΄κ³ μš”, 

λ―Έλž˜μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œ toλŠ” 동사λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

I'm going to school now.

I'm going to study English afternoon.

 

 

미래 μ™„λ£Œ : λ―Έλž˜μ— μ™„λ£Œλ  일을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Future perfect 

will have + 과거뢄사 past participle

 

We'll have arrived by 4:00p.m.

μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 4μ‹œκΉŒμ§€ 도착할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

 

미래 μ™„λ£Œ 진행 : λ―Έλž˜λΆ€ν„° 미래의 μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ κΉŒμ§€ 계속 진행될 κ²ƒμž„μ„ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Future perfect progressive 

μ£Όμ–΄ + will have been 동사-ing 

 

We will have been flying for hours by then. 

μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„λ™μ•ˆ 비행쀑일 것이닀. 

 

 

 

 

 


 

Grammar Notes 

 

1. λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬λŠ” 보톡 μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄λ‚˜ κ·œμΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜Ήμ€ κ΄€μŠ΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 행동, 사건 ν˜Ήμ€ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Use the simple present to show actions, events, or states that are true in general or happen habitually.

 

Vendors work long hours. (true in real)

행상인듀은 였랜 μ‹œκ°„λ™μ•ˆ μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

We spend every August at the beach. (habitual) 

μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 맀년 8월은 ν•΄λ³€μ—μ„œ λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

 

λ˜ν•œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬λ₯Ό 순차적으둜 사건을 μ„œμˆ ν•  λ•Œλ„ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

We also use the simple present to narrate events in sequence. 

 

A tourist finds a beautiful dress and asks how much it costs.

여행객은 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ μ›ν”ΌμŠ€λ₯Ό μ°Ύκ³  κ·Έ 것이 μ–Όλ§ˆμΈμ§€ λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (보톡 μžˆλŠ” 일) 

 

 

 

 

2. ν˜„μž¬ 진행은 μ‚¬κ±΄μ΄λ‚˜ 행동이 κ·Έ μˆœκ°„μ— μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  κ³„μ†λ˜κ³  있음)

Use the present progressive to show actions or events that are in progress at the moment. (not finished)

A tourist is admiring the rugs. (right now)

ν•œ 여행객이 μ–‘νƒ„μžλ₯Ό 보고 κ°νƒ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

 

주의* non- action verbs와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ“Έ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

  • feeling: hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish
  • senses: appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, taste
  • communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean, promise, satisfy, surprise
  • thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize, recognize, remember, understand
  • other states: be, belong, concern, depend, involve, matter, need, owe, own, possess

 

 

 

3. ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œμ™€ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ 진행은 과거와 ν˜„μž¬λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³Όκ±°λΆ€ν„° ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” μƒνƒœλ‚˜ 행동듀을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

The present perfect and the present perfect progressive connect that past and the present. Use them to show actions and states that began in the past and continue until now. 

 

 

과거에 μ‹œμž‘λœ 일이 ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ μ΄μ–΄μ§ˆ λ•Œ, λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°λ‚˜ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ μ“Έ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

  • for + amount of time - μ–Όλ§ˆ λ™μ•ˆ ν•΄ μ™”λ‹€. 
  • since + period - μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ λΆ€ν„° ν•΄ μ™”λ‹€.

 

Bargaining has existed for centuries. 

ν₯μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λͺ‡ μ„ΈκΈ°λ™μ•ˆ 계속 μ‘΄μž¬ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

She's been writing her travel column since 1997. 

κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ—¬ν–‰ μΉΌλŸΌμ„ 1997λ…„λΆ€ν„° 써 였고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

I've been here for three months now.

λ‚˜λŠ” 3λ‹¬λ™μ•ˆ 여기에 μžˆμ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (3λ‹¬λ™μ•ˆ λ¨Έλ¬Όκ³  μžˆλ‹€.)

I'm her fore three months now. (X)

 

 

4. κ³Όκ±°λΆ€ν„° μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 일어났더라도 행동이 끝났닀면, ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.

ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œμ§„ν–‰μ€ 행동이 μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œλ§Œ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Use the present perfect to descrive completed actions with a connection to the present. (not progressive)

 

I've visited Italy five times.

λ‚˜λŠ” μ΄νƒˆλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό 5번 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆλ‹€. 

I've been visiting Italy five times. (X)

 

 

 

5. ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œμ§„ν–‰μ€ 행동이 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ±°λ‚˜, μΌμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Use the present perfect progressive to show that an action with a connection to the present is unfinished or temporary.

 

They've been touring Italy. 

(They're still touring.)

μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄νƒˆλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

He's been studying in Boston but will soon return home.

κ·ΈλŠ” λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄μ—μ„œ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, 곧 집에 λŒμ•„μ˜¬ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

 

6. will κ³Ό be going toλŠ” λ―Έλž˜μ— 일어날 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 말할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Use will or be going to to say what you think will happen in the future.

 

will을 μ¨μ•Όλ§Œ ν•  λ•Œ : κ³„νšν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 미래의 일을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό λ•Œ 

Be going toλ₯Ό μ¨μ•Όλ§Œ ν•  λ•Œ : 미래의 μƒνƒœκ°€ 이미 κ³„νšλ˜κ³  μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ κ³„νšν•œ 일일 λ•Œ 

Use will to express an unplanned future action.

Use be going to to talk about a future situation that is planned or already developing. 

 

 

I think I'll enjoy the trip. 

I think I am going to enjoy the trip.

λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έ 여행을 즐길 것 κ°™μ•„μš”. 

 

Call me next week. Maybe I'll be free.

λ‹€μŒ 주에 μ „ν™”ν•΄. μ•„λ§ˆ λ‚˜ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μžˆμ„κ±°μ•Ό. 

I'm going to be free. (X)

 

We're going to take our vacation in June this year. 

We'll take our vacation in June this year. (X)

μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜¬ν•΄ 6월에 방학이 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

 

7. λ―Έλž˜μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€ 미래의 μ–΄λŠ μ‹œκ°„μ— μ–΄λ– ν•œ 행동이 μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•  λ•Œ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Use will in the progressive to describe an action that will be in progress at a certain time in the future.

 

Next week at this time we'll be climbing Kilimanjaro. 

λ‹€μŒ μ£Ό μ΄λ§˜λ•Œμ―€μ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν‚¬λ¦¬λ§Œμžλ‘œλ₯Ό λ“±λ°˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ 것이닀. 

 

 

λΉ„κ²©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ―Έλž˜μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€ 미래의 λͺ©μ μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό λ•Œ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

We often use the future progressive informally to talk about a future intention.

 

We'll be visiting Florence on our Italy trip.

μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 μ΄νƒˆλ¦¬μ•„ μ—¬ν–‰μ—μ„œ ν”Œλ‘œλž‘μŠ€μ— λ°©λ¬Έν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

 

8. ν˜„μž¬μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€ 이미 μ˜ˆμ •λœ 미래의 μΌμ΄λ‚˜ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기 ν•  λ•Œ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

You can use the present progressive to talk about a future action or even that has already been arranged.

 

We're traveling to France in August. We already have our tickets. 

μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 8월에 ν”„λž‘μŠ€λ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 티켓도 μžˆμ–΄μš”. 

 

 

9. λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬λŠ” μŠ€μΌ€μ€„μ΄λ‚˜ μ‹œκ°„ν‘œμ˜ ν•œ 뢀뢄인 μ‚¬κ±΄μ΄λ‚˜ μƒνƒœ, 행동이 λ―Έλž˜μ— 일어날 μΌμž„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό λ•Œλ„ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

You can use the simple present to talk about a future action, state, or event that is part of a schedule or timetable. 

 

We leave on Sunday at 8:00pm. 

μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΌμš”μΌ μ˜€ν›„ 8μ‹œμ— λ– λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

The plane arrives in Rome at 8:30am.

κ·Έ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λŠ” 8μ‹œ 30뢄에 λ‘œλ§ˆμ— λ„μ°©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

10. 두 개의 λΆ„λ¦¬λœ 미래의 행동은, λ…λ¦½μ ˆμ— will κ³Ό be going toλ₯Ό μ“°κ³ , λΉ„λ…λ¦½μ ˆμ— ν˜„μž¬ν˜•μ„ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 - μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆ (while, when, before, after)μ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬λ§Œ μ“°κ³  λ―Έλž˜ν˜•μ€ μ•ˆ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

To talk about two separate actions in the future, use will or be going to in the independent clause, and the simple present in the dependent clause. 

οΏΌ

 

We'll rent a car [when we get to Italy.] 

     λ…λ¦½μ ˆ            [λΉ„λ…λ¦½μ ˆ]

 

 

 

11. λ―Έλž˜μ™„λ£ŒλŠ” 미래의 μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ  이전에 κ·Έ 일이 일어날 κ²ƒμž„μ„ 말할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.  μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ—μ„œλ„ λ―Έλž˜μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ“Έ 수 있으며, 보톡 byλ‚˜ by the timeκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

Use the future perfect to show an action, state, or event that will happen before a certain time in the future.

You can also use the future perfect in the progressive.

We often use the future perfect with by and by the time.

 

By the end of our trip, we will have seen a lot of wonderful things.

우리의 여행이 끝날 λ¬΄λ ΅μ—λŠ”, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ ꡉμž₯ν•œ 것듀을 봀을 κ±°μ•Ό. 

 

By the end of the summer, we'll have been traveling for several weeks. 

여름이 끝날 λ¬΄λ ΅μ—λŠ”, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ‡ μ£Ό λ™μ•ˆ μ—¬ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„κ±°μ•Ό. 

 

By the time we finish our trip, we'll have visited 8 countries.

우리의 여행이 끝날 μ―€μ—λŠ”, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 8κ°œκ΅­μ— λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμ„κ±°μ•Ό.