if 가정법 (Conditional) μ’…λ₯˜μ™€ μ‚¬μš©λ²•

2025. 2. 21. 15:10γ†μ˜μ–΄ 🧑 English/문법 Grammar

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1. κ°€μ •λ²•μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜μ™€ μ‚¬μš©λ²•

β‘  0ν˜• 가정법 (Zero Conditional) – 사싀 및 일반적 진리

  • ꡬ쑰: If + ν˜„μž¬μ‹œμ œ, ν˜„μž¬μ‹œμ œ
  • μš©λ²•: μžμ—° λ²•μΉ™μ΄λ‚˜ 일반적인 사싀을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©
  • 예문:
    • If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
      (물을 100λ„λ‘œ κ°€μ—΄ν•˜λ©΄ λ“λŠ”λ‹€.)
    • If you touch fire, you get burned.
      (λΆˆμ„ λ§Œμ§€λ©΄ 화상을 μž…λŠ”λ‹€.)

β‘‘ 1ν˜• 가정법 (First Conditional) – ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ κ°€λŠ₯μ„±

  • ꡬ쑰: If + ν˜„μž¬μ‹œμ œ, will + λ™μ‚¬μ›ν˜•
  • μš©λ²•: λ―Έλž˜μ— 일어날 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλŠ” 상황을 ν‘œν˜„
  • 예문:
    • If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
      (내일 λΉ„κ°€ 였면 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ†Œν’μ„ μ·¨μ†Œν•  κ±°μ•Ό.)
    • If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
      (μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λ©΄ μ‹œν—˜μ„ 톡과할 κ±°μ•Ό.)

β‘’ 2ν˜• 가정법 (Second Conditional) – ν˜„μž¬ 사싀과 λ°˜λŒ€λ˜λŠ” κ°€μ •

  • ꡬ쑰: If + κ³Όκ±°μ‹œμ œ, would + λ™μ‚¬μ›ν˜•
  • μš©λ²•: ν˜„μž¬ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ°€μƒμ˜ 상황을 ν‘œν˜„
  • 예문:
    • If I were a millionaire, I would travel the world.
      (λ‚΄κ°€ 백만μž₯자라면, μ „ 세계λ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν•  텐데.)
    • If she had more time, she would learn Spanish.
      (κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ–΄λ₯Ό 배울 텐데.)

πŸ’‘ 'If I was' λŒ€μ‹  'If I were'λ₯Ό μ“°λŠ” 것이 더 λ¬Έλ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ •ν™•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (κ°€μ •λ²•μ—μ„œλŠ” μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ I, he, she, it일 λ•Œλ„ 'were'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©)


β‘£ 3ν˜• 가정법 (Third Conditional) – κ³Όκ±° 사싀과 λ°˜λŒ€λ˜λŠ” κ°€μ •

  • ꡬ쑰: If + had + p.p, would have + p.p
  • μš©λ²•: 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 일을 κ°€μ •ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 상상
  • 예문:
    • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the test.
      (λ‚΄κ°€ 더 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆλ”λΌλ©΄, μ‹œν—˜μ„ ν†΅κ³Όν–ˆμ„ 텐데.)
    • If she had left earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the train.
      (κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 더 일찍 떠났더라면, κΈ°μ°¨λ₯Ό λ†“μΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ„ 텐데.)

β‘€ ν˜Όν•© 가정법 (Mixed Conditional) – 과거와 ν˜„μž¬λ₯Ό μ„žμ–΄μ„œ κ°€μ •

  • ꡬ쑰: If + had + p.p, would + λ™μ‚¬μ›ν˜•
  • μš©λ²•: 과거의 행동이 ν˜„μž¬ 상황에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©
  • 예문:
    • If I had studied harder, I would be a doctor now.
      (λ‚΄κ°€ 더 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆλ”λΌλ©΄, μ§€κΈˆ μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμ„ 텐데.)
    • If he had saved more money, he wouldn’t be struggling now.
      (κ·Έκ°€ λˆμ„ 더 μ €μΆ•ν–ˆλ”λΌλ©΄, μ§€κΈˆ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ νž˜λ“€μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 텐데.)

2. 가정법 κ΄€λ ¨ 자주 ν•˜λŠ” μ‹€μˆ˜

❌ If I will see him, I will tell him the news. → (X)
βœ… If I see him, I will tell him the news. → (O)
→ 1ν˜• κ°€μ •λ²•μ—μ„œλŠ” 'If' μ ˆμ— λ―Έλž˜ν˜•(will) 을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

❌ If she was here, she would help us. → (X)
βœ… If she were here, she would help us. → (O)
→ 2ν˜• κ°€μ •λ²•μ—μ„œλŠ” 'were'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.


3. 가정법을 ν™œμš©ν•œ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ ν‘œν˜„

βœ”οΈ If I were you, I would... (λ‚΄κ°€ λ„ˆλΌλ©΄ ~ν•  텐데.)
βœ”οΈ If it weren’t for... (λ§Œμ•½ ~κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ”λΌλ©΄.)
βœ”οΈ If only I had... (λ‚΄κ°€ ~ν–ˆλ”λΌλ©΄ μ’‹μ•˜μ„ 텐데.)
βœ”οΈ I wish I had... (λ‚΄κ°€ ~ν–ˆλ”λΌλ©΄ μ’‹μ•˜μ„ 텐데.)

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